{"id":2379,"date":"2026-04-11T10:32:58","date_gmt":"2026-04-11T02:32:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jtlcnc.com\/?p=2379"},"modified":"2026-04-11T10:32:59","modified_gmt":"2026-04-11T02:32:59","slug":"material-selection-and-global-standards-for-high-end-machine-tool-bases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jtlcnc.com\/ar\/2026\/04\/11\/material-selection-and-global-standards-for-high-end-machine-tool-bases\/","title":{"rendered":"Material Selection and Global Standards for High-end Machine Tool Bases"},"content":{"rendered":"

Core Selection Logic for High-End Machine Tool Bases (Beds): For heavy cutting,ct gray iron \/ ductile iron; for ultra-precision, select natural granite; for lightweighting \/ high damping, select mineral casting (artificial granite). Global standards are primarily bn five major systems: ISO, EN (DIN), ASTM, JIS, and GB\/T, focusing on controlling material grades, mechanical properties, residual stress, precision tolerancdamping, and thermal stability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Comparison of Mainstream Materials (High-End Machine Tool Bases)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Gray Iron \u2014 Absolute Industry Mainstream
    Grades (Global ment):
    China GB\/T: HT250, HT300, HT350
    Europe EN1561: GG25,30, GG35
    USA ASTM A48: Class 30, 40, 50
    Japan JIS G5501: C250, FC300, FC350
    Core Properties:
    Tensile: 250\u2013350 MPa; Compressive: 00\u20131000 MPa
    Damping: 3\u20135 times that of steel, efficient vibration absorption by flake graphite
    Thermal expansion coefficient 11\u201312\u00d710\u207b\u2076\/\u2103
    Density: ~7.2 g\/cm\u00b3
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627:
    High rigidity, wear-resistant, easy to cast complex structures (ribs \/ guides integrture process, moderate cost, repairable by scraping
    First choice for heavy cutting, high loads (5-axis, gantry, horizontal machining centers)
    Disadvantages:
    Average therma susceptible to temperature fluctuations
    High density, heavy self-weight
    Applications:
    General \/ heavy-duty machining centers, CNC lathes, gantry mills, grinding machinases<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Ductile Iron \u2014 For High-Strength Scenarios
    Grades: QT450-10, QT500-7,T600-3 (GB\/T 1348)
    Core Properties:
    Tensile: 450\u2013600 MPa (approaching medium-carbon steel)
    Good toughness, impac resistance, higher strength than gray iron
    Damping: Only 1\/2\u20132\/3 of gray iron
    Applications:
    Strong impact, heavy loads, high rigidity requirements (e.g., heavy-duty punch press, press machine bases)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Natural Granite \u2014 First Choice for Ultra-Precision
    Preferred Varieties: Jinan Green, Mount Tai Green, dian Black (fine grain, high density)
    Core Properties:
    Thermal expansion coefficient: 4.6\u20136\u00d710\u207b\u2076\/\u2103 (about half of cast irn)
    Damping: 5\u201310 times that of cast iron, excellent high-frequency vibration reduction
    Rigidity \/ Stability: Permanent deformation resistance, no internal stress, acid\/alkaltant
    Density: ~2.7 g\/cm\u00b3 (far lighter than cast iron)
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627:
    Sub-micron \/ nanometer-level precision retention in constant temperature environments
    on-magnetic, anti-damping, suitable for optical \/ semiconductor \/ CMM \/ lithography equipment
    Disadvantages:
    Brittle, not impact-resistant, not suitable for heavy cutting
    Difficult to process, high cost, cannot be welded for repair
    Applications:
    CMMs, precision grinders, lithography machines, laser processing machine bases<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. MinerCasting (Mineral Casting \/ Artificial Granite) \u2014 Emerging High-End Material
    Composition: Granite \/ quartz particles epoxy resin binder
    Core Properties:
    Thermal expnsion: 5\u20137\u00d710\u207b\u2076\/\u2103 (close to natural granite)
    Damping: Superior to cast iron, approaching granite
    Density: 2.38 g\/cm\u00b3
    Molded in one piece, no internal stress, high design freedom
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627:
    Lightweight, thermal insulation, vibration reduction, corrosion resistance, flexible forming
    Can embedmetal parts, shortens manufacturing cycle
    Disadvantages:
    Lower load-bearing than cast iron, cannot be scraped, softens at high temperatures (>150\u2103)
    Applications:
    Hig-speed high-precision machining centers, precision grinders, medical devices, semiconductor equipment<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Welded Steel Structures (Steel Weldment) \u2014 Large \/ Customized Scenarios
      Materils: Q235, Q355, S235JR, S355JR, etc.
      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627:
      High strength, good toughness, short lead time, no tooling requirsuitable for super-large sizes
      Weldable reinforcement, flexible structure
      Disadvantages:
      Poor damping, prone to resonance, high residual stress, prone to deformation
      Requires strict stressef annealing, poor thermal stability
      Applications:
      Super-large gantry machine tools, non-standard special equipment, single-piece small-batch bases<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      II. Quick Selection Table for Four Majoerials
      \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644
      Material Rigidity Damping Thermal Stability Load Bearing Cost Typical High-End Applications
      HT300 Grey Cast In \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 Medium 5-axis, Gantry, Heavy Cutting
      Ductile Iron QT\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 Medium-High Heavy-duty, Impact-resistant
      Natural Granite \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606 High CMM, Optical, Semiconductor
      Mineral Casting \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606 Medih High-speed High-precision, Precision Grinding Machines
      Welded Steel Structure \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606 \u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u2606 \u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u2606 \u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605 MediumSuper-large, Non-standard Customized<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      III. Global Core Standard Systems (Machine Tool Bases)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. International Standard ISO
        ISO 3691: Safety and structural requirementsachine tools
        ISO 6396: Castings for machine tools \u2014 Dimensional tolerances and geometrical tolerances
        ISO 13523: Tests for mechanicaroperties of cast iron materials
        ISO 1920-8: Tests for properties of mineral castings (artificial stone)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. European Standard N (DIN)
        EN 1561: Grey cast iron (GG series) \u2014 Chemical composition and mechanical properties
        EN 1563: Spheroidal graphite cast iron (G series)
        EN 1565: Cast iron castings \u2014 Technical delivery conditions
        DIN ISO 1302: Tolerances for castinT11 commonly used for machine tools)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. American Standard ASTM
        ASTM A48: Gray iron castings (Class 20\u20136)
        ASTM A536: Ductile iron castings
        ASTM C1240: Standard Specification for Precision Granite Surface Plates<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. Japanese Standard IS
        JIS G5501: Grey cast iron (FC series)
        JIS G5502: Spheroidal graphite cast iron (FCD series)01: Accuracy and acceptance of castings for machine tools<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. Chinese Standard GB\/T, JB
        GB\/T 9439: Grey iron castgs (HT200\u2013HT350)
        GB\/T 1348: Spheroidal graphite cast iron castings
        JB\/T 3997: Technical conditions for grey ironngs of metal cutting machine tools
        GB\/T 6414: Dimensional tolerances for castings
        GB\/T 28537: Accuracy grades of precision granite su<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        IV. Key Technical Requirements for High-End Machine Tool Bases (Global Standard)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. Mandatory Material Performanceicators
          Gray Cast Iron (HT300\/GG30)
          Tensile strength \u2265 300 MPa; Hardness\u2013250 HB
          Pearlitic matrix \u2265 95%, fine flake graphite, uniform distribution
          Hardness difference of guide surfaces \u2264 \u00b110 HB
          Granite
          ensity \u2265 2.7 g\/cm\u00b3; Water absorption < 0.2%
          Flatness: Grade 000 \u22641\u03bcm\/m, Grade 00 adioactivity complies with Class A stone standards (GB6566)
          Mineral Casting
          Compressive strength \u2265 150 MPa; Flexural sngth \u2265 40 MPa
          Modulus of elasticity 40\u201350 GPa; Thermal deformation < 2\u00d710\u207b\u2076\/\u2103<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Residual Stress Ctrol (Core)
          Gray Cast Iron: Natural aging \u22651 year or Thermal aging Vibration aging
          Welded Steel: Stress relief annealing \u2265550\u2103 holdite \/ Mineral Casting: Essentially free of internal stress<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. Precision and Geometric Tolerances (High-End)
          Installation base flatness: \u22640.ide parallelism \/ straightness: \u22640.01mm\/m
          Overall twist: \u22640.03mm\/m
          Long-term precision retenti: \u22640.005mm \/ year (thermostatic)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. Structural Design Key Points
          Uniform wall thickness: 15\u201330mm, avoid hot spots and shrinkage prosity
          Ribs: Triangular \/ box-type structure, improve stiffness \/ reduce weight
          Damping optimization: Composite ribs cavities in cast iron; High damping formula for mineral casting
          Install Three-point support \/ adjustable shims, leveling calibration \u22640.02mm\/m
          V. Selection Decision Process (5 Steps)
          Determine Machining Type
          Heavy cutting \/igh torque \u2192 HT300 gray cast iron
          Ultra-precision \/ Sub-micron \u2192 Natural granite \/ Mineral casting
          High speed light load \/ Thermostatic \u2192 Mineral c
          Extra large size \/ Custom \u2192 Welded steel structure aging
          Match Precision Grade
          Nano \/ Sub-micron level \u2192 Granite \/ Mineral casting (GradeMicron level (1\u20135\u03bcm) \u2192 HT300 Precision aging
          Ordinary precision (>5\u03bcm) \u2192 HT250
          Environmental Conditions
          Large temperature uctuations \u2192 Granite \/ Mineral casting
          Clean room \/ Non-magnetic \u2192 Granite
          Oil \/ Cutting fluid \u2192 Cast iron Anti-corrosion coating
          Load and Si
          Load >10t \u2192 Cast iron \/ Ductile iron
          Size >3m \u2192 Cast iron splicing \/ Welded structure
          Cost and Lead Time
          Batch \/ Low cost \u2192 Casn
          Short lead time \/ Lightweight \u2192 Mineral casting
          Top precision \/ Cost no object \u2192 Natural granite
          VI. Material Applications of Global Mainstream Brands
          DMG MORI: High-ed series HT300 Mineral casting composite
          MAZAK: General models HT300; Ultra-precision Mineral casting
          Hermle: 5-axis Mineral cast base
          Mitutoyo: CMM Jinan blue granite
          Chinese Heavy Machine Tools: Gantry \/ Vertical lathe HT350 \/<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
          \"\"<\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Core Selection Logic for High-End Machine Tool Bases (Beds): For heavy cutting,ct gray iron \/ ductile iron; for ultra-precision, select natural granite; for lightweighting \/ high damping, select mineral casting (artificial granite). Global standards are primarily bn five major systems: ISO, EN (DIN), ASTM, JIS, and GB\/T, focusing on controlling material grades, mechanical properties, residual…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2383,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":35,"label":"NEWS"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/jtlcnc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20260407144904_11_11-1024x974.jpg",1024,974,true],"author_info":{"display_name":"jinxing6611@gmail.com","author_link":"https:\/\/jtlcnc.com\/ar\/author\/jtlcnc\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":35,"name":"NEWS","slug":"news","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":35,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":131,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":35,"category_count":131,"category_description":"","cat_name":"NEWS","category_nicename":"news","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jtlcnc.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2379","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jtlcnc.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jtlcnc.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jtlcnc.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jtlcnc.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2379"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jtlcnc.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2379\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2384,"href":"https:\/\/jtlcnc.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2379\/revisions\/2384"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jtlcnc.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2383"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jtlcnc.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jtlcnc.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jtlcnc.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2379"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}